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公平与效率的关系问题，不仅是一个重大的理论问题，而且是一个重大的实践问题。近些年来，理论界对该问题的讨论较多，分歧也较大。产生分歧的主要原因在于人们对公平概念本身的认识存在着明显的差异，将起点的公平与结果的公平混为一谈，将结果公平在微观领域与效率的关系和结果公平在宏观领域与效率的关系混为一谈。本文试图运用辩证唯物主义的分析方法，对具体问题进行具体分析，从微观与客观的结合上阐明公平与效率的具体关系，并寻求处理公平与效率之间关系的有效途径。
The issue of the relationship between fairness and efficiency is not only a major theoretical issue but also a major practical issue. In recent years, theorists have discussed more about this issue and their differences have also been greater. The main reason for the disagreement is that there is a clear difference in people’s understanding of the concept of fairness. They confuse the fairness at the starting point with the fairness of the result, confuse the relationship between the fairness in the micro area with the efficiency and the fairness in the macro area with the efficiency . This paper attempts to use dialectical materialist analysis methods to analyze concrete problems in a concrete way, clarify the concrete relationship between fairness and efficiency from the microscopic and objective combination and seek effective ways to deal with the relationship between fairness and efficiency.