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将一种高效膨胀型无卤阻燃剂季戊四醇二磷酸酯双磷酰蜜胺(SPBDM)和有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)添加到高分子量聚乳酸(PLA)中,熔融共混制备纳米膨胀型阻燃聚乳酸复合材料(SPBDM-OMMT/PLA)。采用XRD、TEM研究了纳米粒子的形态分布,并用热重分析法(TGA)、氧指数测试(LOI)、垂直燃烧测试(UL-94)探讨了该纳米阻燃SPBDM-OMMT/PLA复合材料的热性能和阻燃性能。研究表明,OMMT在PLA基体中有较好的分散性,高分子链插入层状硅酸盐片层间,形成了剥离型或插层型复合材料;相比纯PLA,加入SPBDM后改善了OMMT/PLA的高温热稳定性,最大热分解温度均向高温移动,且高温残炭质量分数大幅度提高;当SPB-DM和OMMT质量分数分别为10.0%和1.0%时,纳米阻燃SPBDM-OMMT/PLA复合材料能达到较好的阻燃效果,LOI数值高达32%,相应垂直燃烧等级达UL-94V-0级。
A highly efficient intumescent halogen-free flame retardant, pentaerythritol diphosphate bisphosphonoammonium (SPBDM) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were added to high molecular weight polylactic acid (PLA) and melt blended to prepare nanometer expanded Type flame retardant polylactic acid composite material (SPBDM-OMMT / PLA). The morphology distribution of the nanocomposites was investigated by XRD and TEM. The thermal properties of the nano-flame retardant SPBDM-OMMT / PLA composites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), oxygen index test (LOI) and vertical flame test Thermal and flame retardant properties. The results show that OMMT has better dispersibility in PLA matrix. The polymer chains are inserted into the sheet silicate layers to form the exfoliated or intercalated composites. Compared with pure PLA, the addition of SPBDM improves the OMMT / PLA high temperature thermal stability, the maximum thermal decomposition temperature are moving to high temperature, and the mass fraction of high temperature carbon residue increased significantly; when SPB-DM and OMMT mass fraction of 10.0% and 1.0%, respectively, nano-flame retardant SPBDM-OMMT / PLA composite material can achieve a better flame retardant effect, LOI value up to 32%, the corresponding vertical flame rating UL-94V-0 level.