Pesticides'overuse and misuse have been reported to induce ingredient variations in herbal medicine,which is now gaining attention in the medicinal field as a form of alternative medicine.To date,available studies on pesticide-induced ingredient variations of herbal medicine are limited only on a few compounds and remain most others unexamined.In this study,a plant meta-bolomics-based strategy was performed to systematically explore the effects of two frequently used ins ecticides on the comprehensive constituents of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(LJF),the flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb..Field trials were designed on a cultivat-ing plot of L.japonica with controls and treatments of imidacloprid(IMI)and compound flonicamid and acetamiprid(CFA).Un-biased metabolite profiling was conducted by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer.After data pretreatment by automatic extraction and screening,a data matrix of metabolite features was submitted for statistical ana-lyses.Consequently,29 metabolic markers,including chlorogenic acids,iridoids and organic acid-glucosides were obtained and char-acterized.The relative quantitative assay was subsequently performed to monitor their variations across flowering developments.This is the first study that systematically explored the insecticide-induced metabolite variations of LJF while taking into account the inher-ent variability of flowering development.The results were beneficial for holistic quality assessment of LJF and significant for guiding scientific use of pesticides in the large-scale cultivation.