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RE-Mg-Ni系储氢合金具有超晶格结构,其主相晶格单元是由一定比率的AB5单元和AB2单元沿c轴交替层叠排列而成。该类型合金自问世以来便以其高容量、易活化的优势受到人们的广泛关注,然而其循环稳定性及高倍率放电性能不尽人意。人们通过大量研究有效提高了其循环稳定性,使其基本满足了商业化要求。但是要将基于该负极材料的镍氢电池应用在混合动力汽车上,仍需改进其高倍率放电性能。系统分析了元素替代、多元合金化、制备工艺、化合物复合、表面处理等手段对RE-Mg-Ni系储氢合金晶体结构及高倍率放电性能的影响。其中元素替代是一种重要且有效的手段,文中分析了不同稀土元素及B侧元素的作用机制,结果表明,B侧组分采用Ni,Co,Mn,Al的储氢合金具有较好的性能。多元合金化是一种复杂的过程,不同元素间可能存在一定的协同作用,研究其作用机制也是下一步的工作重点。通过优化实验方案,综合使用多种改性手段,可以得到高倍率放电性能良好的RE-Mg-Ni系储氢合金,使其基本满足电动工具用镍氢电池的要求,并可望在以后的研究中进一步提高其高倍率放电性能,使其满足混合动力汽车用镍氢电池的要求,实现良好的经济和社会效益。
The RE-Mg-Ni hydrogen storage alloy has a superlattice structure, and the main phase lattice unit is formed by alternately arranging a certain ratio of AB5 units and AB2 units along the c axis. Since the advent of this type of alloy, it has attracted wide attention due to its high capacity and easy activation. However, its cycle stability and high rate discharge performance are not satisfactory. People through a large number of studies to effectively improve its circular stability, so that it basically meets the commercial requirements. However, to be based on the negative material of nickel-metal hydride batteries used in hybrid vehicles, still need to improve its high-rate discharge performance. The effects of element substitution, multiple alloying, preparation process, compounding and surface treatment on the crystal structure and high rate discharge performance of RE-Mg-Ni hydrogen storage alloy were systematically analyzed. Among them, element substitution is an important and effective method. The mechanism of different rare earth elements and B-side elements is analyzed. The results show that the hydrogen storage alloy with B, B, Ni, Co, Mn and Al has better performance . Diverse alloying is a complex process, there may be some synergies between different elements, and its mechanism of action is also the focus of the next step. By optimizing the experimental scheme and using a variety of modification methods, RE-Mg-Ni hydrogen storage alloy with good high-rate discharge performance can be obtained, which basically meets the requirements of nickel-metal hydride batteries for electric tools and is expected to be used in future Research to further improve its high rate discharge performance, make it meet the requirements of hybrid cars with nickel-metal hydride batteries, to achieve good economic and social benefits.