目的通过对2004-2012年西安市风疹发病资料的深入分析,掌握该病发病情况及其流行病学特征,为降低风疹发病例数、减少聚集性发病乃至和暴发疫情提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统提取2004-2012年西安市风疹报告病例数及流行病学分布数据,应用Excel软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 2004-2012年间西安市累计报告风疹5 027例,年平均报告发病率为7.23/10万。时间分布特征表现为2007和2011年为流行高峰年,发病高峰月为3-7月。地区分布特征表现为城区发病率较高,雁塔区、碑林区、新城区、未央区等发病率明显高于其他区县;郊区县中阎良区发病率最高(16.33/10万)。人群分布中性别分布男性发病率明显高于女性。年龄组发病率比较,10~25岁发病率较高,且以10~15岁年龄组最高。职业分布以学生为主,学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童总病例占全市病例总数的89.87%。结论根据风疹发病的流行病学特征,为有效控制风疹的暴发和流行,建议制定针对性强的综合性预防措施:在春节开学后重点加强托幼机构和中小学的查漏补种工作,加强重点人群风疹疫苗的免疫接种工作,提高免疫接种率,消除免疫空白。加强卫生宣传和健康教育工作,提高防病意识和防病水平尤其是对地处偏远农村地区学校应重点防控,设法提高通风保暖设施;提高育龄期人群风疹免疫率,进一步降低育龄期妇女的易感性,减少CRS的发生。 OBJECTIVE: To provide a scientific basis for reducing the incidence of rubella, reducing the incidence of aggregation and even the outbreak of epidemic situation through in-depth analysis of the incidence of rubella in Xi’an from 2004 to 2012 and grasping the incidence of the disease and its epidemiological characteristics. Methods The data of epidemic situation and reported cases of rubella in Xi’an from 2004 to 2012 were extracted from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The data were statistically analyzed by Excel software. Results A total of 5,027 cases of rubella were reported in Xi’an from 2004 to 2012, with an average annual incidence of 7.23 / 100,000. The time distribution is characterized by the peak year of 2007 and 2011, and the peak month of incidence is March-July. The regional distribution is characterized by a high incidence in urban areas. The incidence rates in Yanta, Beilin, Xincheng and Weiyang areas are significantly higher than those in other districts and counties. The highest incidence rate of Yanli District in suburban counties is 16.33 / 100,000. The distribution of population distribution of male gender was significantly higher than the incidence of women. The incidence of age group comparison, 10 to 25 years old higher incidence, and 10 to 15 years old age group was the highest. Occupational distribution mainly students, students, childcare and scattered children accounted for 89.87% of the total number of cases in the city. Conclusions According to the epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of rubella and in order to effectively control the outbreak and epidemic of rubella, it is suggested to formulate comprehensive and targeted preventive measures: strengthening the leak detection and replanting of nurseries and primary and secondary schools after the Spring Festival starts, and strengthening Focus on the crowd rubella vaccine immunization efforts to improve the immunization coverage and eliminate immune blank. Strengthen publicity and health education to raise awareness of disease prevention and prevention of diseases, especially schools in remote rural areas should focus on prevention and control, to improve ventilation and heating facilities; to raise the immunization rate of children of childbearing age rubella and further reduce the number of women of childbearing age Susceptibility and reduce the occurrence of CRS.