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目的分析基于创新扩散理论框架的系统健康教育在稳定性慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者中的应用效果。方法选取2014年11月—2016年5月青岛市立医院收治的稳定性COPD患者82例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与研究组,每组41例。对照组患者给予常规健康教育,研究组患者在常规健康教育基础上给予基于创新扩散理论框架的系统健康教育;两组患者均持续干预2周。比较两组患者健康知识掌握情况、圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分、随访4个月再住院率及急性发作率、护理满意度。结果研究组患者健康知识掌握情况优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者干预前社交心理评分、活动能力评分、呼吸症状评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后研究组患者社交心理评分、活动能力评分、呼吸症状评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。随访4个月,研究组患者再住院率、急性发作率低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组患者护理满意度优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于创新扩散理论框架的系统健康教育可有效提高稳定性COPD患者健康知识掌握情况,降低患者急性发作率及再住院率,改善患者生活质量,提高患者护理满意度。
Objective To analyze the effect of systematic health education based on the theory frame of innovation diffusion in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Eighty-two patients with stable COPD admitted to Qingdao Municipal Hospital from November 2014 to May 2016 were randomly divided into control group and study group with 41 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were given routine health education. Patients in the study group were given systematic health education based on the theory of innovation diffusion on the basis of routine health education. Two groups of patients continued intervention for 2 weeks. The two groups were compared on the status of health knowledge, St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score, four-month follow-up hospitalization rate and acute attack rate, nursing satisfaction. Results The health knowledge of patients in study group was superior to that of control group (P <0.05). There were no significant differences in social psychology scores, activity ability scores and respiratory symptom scores between the two groups before intervention (P> 0.05). After intervention, the social psychological score, activity ability score and respiratory symptom score of the study group were lower than those of the control group P <0.05). During the follow-up of 4 months, the rate of rehospitalization and acute attack in study group was lower than that in control group (P <0.05). The nursing satisfaction of study group was better than that of control group (P <0.05). Conclusion System health education based on the framework of innovation diffusion can effectively improve the health knowledge of COPD patients, reduce the acute attack rate and rehospitalization rate, improve the quality of life of patients and improve the patient satisfaction.