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在计算机技术发展的初期,机器的速度很低,K比特/秒(千,10~3bits/s)量级,存储容量很小,K字节(10~3Dytes)量级。因此,当时计算机能做的事仅限在数值计算(numerical computing)的范围。在科学计算、数据处理和工业自动化等传统的应用中,计算机所担负的主要工作,都可简单地归结为完成“求解数学议程”的这一任务。因此在使用计算机之前,要求人们把要解决的问题用一种数学模型来表示:算术的、代数的、微积分的或者偏微分方程等等。然后,计算机通过数值计算求解这个模型,以协助人们解决问题。由于它在数值计算能力上远远地超过了人类,从而在许多方面代替了人的脑力劳动。
In the early days of computer technology, the speed of the machine was low, on the order of kilobits per second (kilo, 10 to 3 bits / s), with small storage capacity, on the order of Kbytes (10 to 3Dytes). Therefore, what the computer can do at the time was limited to numerical computing. In traditional applications such as scientific computing, data processing and industrial automation, the main task of computers can simply be attributed to accomplishing this task of “solving the mathematical agenda.” Therefore, before using a computer, ask people to solve the problem with a mathematical model to represent: arithmetic, algebraic, calculus or partial differential equations and so on. Then, the computer solves this model numerically to help people solve the problem. Because it surpasses mankind in terms of numerical computational power, it replaces human mental work in many ways.