十九世纪批判现实主义文学达到了高峰。到二十世纪,小说发生了巨大革新,对题材、对表现形式,都有作者个人的探讨,将文学的触角从外倾转向内倾,将视野从对社会生活的关注转到对个人命运的关切。海明威就是其中一个典型例子,他在作品中,敢于突破传统,创造新的风格来适应题材的需要,形成一种简洁流畅、清新洗练的文体。为此1954年诺贝尔文学奖金委员会授予海明威文学奖金的主要依据是“由于作家在当代文学风格方面所发 The nineteenth century critical realism literature reached its peak. In the twentieth century, the novel has undergone a tremendous revolution. Both the themes and the forms of expression have been explored by the authors themselves. The literature has shifted from the cape to the introvert, turning the focus of attention from the social life to the concern about the fate of individuals . Hemingway is one of the typical examples. In his works, he dared to break the tradition and create a new style to meet the needs of the theme, forming a concise, fresh and clean style. To this end, the 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature awarded Hemingway’s main prize for literary prize is "due to writers in the style of contemporary literature issued