《论语》中多处讲到死,涉及了死亡认知问题。在最严格的意义上,孔子及其弟子认为死是言说生的限度;跨越死,任何关于生的言说都会显得空泛而不可思议。在常识层面,死亡的降临尽管有一定偶然性,但是,就总的趋向而论,它是所有人不可摆脱的命数,“死生有命”与“自古皆有死”揭示的就是死亡作为偶然运气与必然趋向的统一。对死亡的认知在《论语》中不仅限于事实的澄清,还兼具价值意义的辨惑,尤其在对“成仁”理想的诉求中,死或不死的价值认定对孔子及其弟子而言显得特别重要。 The Analects of Confucius talked about death in many places, involving the cognitive problems of death. In the strictest sense, Confucius and his disciples think death is the limit of speech and life, and anything that crosses death, which is about life, can seem vague and inconceivable. In the common sense, although there is a certain chance of the advent of death, but in terms of the general trend, it is the number of all people can not get rid of the life, “dead” and “dead” have revealed the death As a coincidence of luck and inevitable trend of unity. The cognition of death in The Analects is not limited to the clarification of facts, but also the confusion of values. Especially in the aspirations of the ideal of benevolence, the value of death or death determines Confucius and his disciples Words seem particularly important.