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华北地区70年代以来育成的中高产冬麦品种在库的遗传演变过程中,千粒重和穗粒数明显增加,对单株籽粒产量的提高起着决定性作用,单株穗数变化很小。在源的演变过程中,花后净光合量在所有研究性状中增长幅度最大,对籽粒产量起主导作用。其中花后净光合速率的增长幅度较大,对花后净光合量和籽粒产量均起主要作用,而有效灌浆期延长的幅度较小。花后营养体贮藏干物质向籽粒的净转移量大幅度减少。生物产量显著提高,而收获指数变化不大。结果表明,源的改良比库的改良更重要,库的改良必须在源的改良基础上才能导致增产,源的改良似乎具有超前性。
In the course of genetic evolution of middle and high yielding winter wheat cultivars bred in North China since the 1970s, the 1000-grain weight and spike grain number increased significantly, which played a decisive role in the improvement of grain yield per plant. During the evolution of the source, the net photosynthetic rate after anthesis increased most in all the studied traits and played a leading role in grain yield. Among them, the net photosynthetic rate after anthesis increased greatly, which had a significant effect on the net photosynthesis rate and grain yield after anthesis, but the effective grain-filling period had a lesser extent. The net amount of dry matter transferred to the grain after the vegetative storage was significantly reduced. Biomass yield increased significantly, while harvest index changed little. The results show that the source improvement is more important than the improvement of the library. The improvement of the library must be based on the improvement of the source, leading to the increase of yield. The improvement of the source seems to be advanced.