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Background Food composition and style is changing dramatically now,which causes inappropriate secretion of hormones from brain,gastrointestinal and endo-pancreas,may be related to unbalance of glucose in blood.The aim of this study was to explore the fast response of C-peptide,glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1),ghrelin and endomorphin-1 (EM-1) to the eastern and western style meals in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods The study enrolled 57 patients with type 2 diabetes (20 men and 37 women,mean age (67.05±8.26) years).Eastern style meal (meal A) and western style meal (meal B) were designed to produce the fullness effect.C-peptide,GLP-1,ghrelin and EM-1 were assessed before (0 hour) and after (2 hours) each diet.Results The delta (2h-0h) of C- peptide in meal A was significantly lower than that in meal B (P=0.0004).C-peptide,GLP-1,ghrelin and EM-1 were obviously higher before meal B than those before meal A (P ＜0.0001,＜0.0001,=0.001,=0.0004 respectively).Blood glucose 2 hours and 3 hours after meal B were higher than those after meal A (P=-0.0005,0.0079 respectively).Correlations between GLP-1 and ghrelin were strongly positive before both meals and 2 hours after both meals and also in relation to the delta of meal A and meal B (rA0h=0.7836,rB0h=0.9368,rAsh=0.7615,rB2h=0.9409,rA(2h_0h)=0.7531,rB(2h-0h)=0.9980,respectively,P ＜0.0001).Conclusion Western style meal (high fat and protein food) could make more response of C-peptide than eastern style meal,and could stimulate more gut hormones (GLP-1,ghrelin) and brain peptide (EM-1) at the first phase of digestion.