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目的了解兰州市西固区大气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状的影响。方法于2013年9—11月,采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取兰州市西固区和榆中县的1 855名学龄期儿童(西固区926名,榆中县929名)为研究对象,进行问卷调查。结果西固区大气SO2、NO2、PM2.5、PM10日均浓度均高于榆中县,PM2.5和PM10超标率均高于榆中县,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。西固区学龄期儿童感冒时咳嗽、不感冒时咳嗽、持续咳嗽、感冒时咯痰、不感冒时咯痰、持续咯痰、鼻炎、支气管炎、肺炎、哮喘发生的危险性分别是榆中县的1.278、1.806、2.542、1.726、2.304、3.261、3.121、3.567、1.967、2.383倍,均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采用多因素非条件logistic回归调整年龄、厨房燃料等混杂因素后,西固区上述疾病和症状的危险性分别是榆中县的1.585、1.692、2.249、2.125、2.126、3.022、2.682、3.434、1.745、2.054倍,其中除哮喘外其他症状和疾病发生的OR值均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论兰州市西固区儿童部分呼吸系统疾病和症状的发生危险性升高,可能与该地区的大气颗粒物污染有关。
Objective To understand the effects of air pollution on the respiratory diseases and symptoms of children in Xigu District, Lanzhou City. Methods From September to November 2013, 1 855 school-age children (926 in Xigu District and 929 in Yuzhong County) were selected from random sampling method in Xigu District and Yuzhong County of Lanzhou City. Questionnaire. Results The average concentrations of SO2, NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 in Xigugo were higher than that in Yuzhong and the exceeding rates of PM2.5 and PM10 were higher than that of Yuzhong. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Xigu District school-age children cough during a cold, cough without a cold, persistent cough, expectoration when a cold, expectoration without a cold, persistent sputum, rhinitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma risk were Yuzhong County (P <0.05). The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). After adjusting for age, kitchen fuel and other confounding factors using multivariate non-conditional logistic regression, the above-mentioned diseases and symptoms in Xigu District were 1.585, 1.692, 2.249, 2.125, 2.126, 3.022, 2.682, 3.434 and 1.745 , 2.054-fold, respectively. Among them, the OR of other symptoms and diseases except asthma were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The risk of some respiratory diseases and symptoms of children in Xigu District, Lanzhou City is increased, which may be related to the pollution of atmospheric particles in this area.