OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of Tiaobu Feishen formulae (TBFS) on cigarette smoke-induced inflammation in vitro using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced and cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced NCI-H292 cells.METHODS: We evaluated the inhibitory effects of Bufei Jianpi formula (BJF),Bufei Yishen formula (BYF),and Yiqi Zishen formula (YZF) on the expressions of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8,matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9,tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease (TIMP)-1,and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in H292 cells stimulated with LPS or CSE.Their related transcription factors and signaling pathways were also analyzed.RESULTS: BJF,BYF,and YZF significantly inhibited the LPS-or CSE-induced expressions of TNF-α,IL-8,MMP-9,TIMP-1,and SOD in H292 cells,and suppressed the activation of transcription factors including nuclear transcription factor (NF)-KB,activator protein (AP)-1,and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 3 and their corresponding pathways,including NF-KB,mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK),STAT3,and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR).CONCLUSION: BJF,BYF,and YZF effectively suppressed inflammatory responses,protease-antiprotease imbalance,and oxidative stress induced by LPS and CSE,an effect that was closely associated with the inhibition of the NF-KB,MAPK,STAT3,and PPAR pathways.