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本期转载了美国运动医学院(ACSM)和美国糖尿病学会(ADA)关于“运动与2型糖尿病”的联合声明,同时重点译载了美国路易斯安娜州大学潘灵顿生物医学研究中心KatzmarzyK关于“体力活动、坐式行为与健康”的述评文章。人尽皆知生命在于运动,人类最初的体力活动主要是围绕获取生存必须的食物而进行的生产劳动。随着生产力的发展,人类逐渐从繁重的体力劳动中解放出来,特别是从20世纪后期到本世纪,由于现代社会科技进步,从机械化、电气化和自动化到网络信息化,不仅使得一些生产劳动不需付出体力活动,而且连日常生活的体力活动也大大减少。这必然带来生活方式的改变:高度物质享受和体力活动的减少,从而违背了人作为生物个体的自然生命过程。过去由于生产落后、自然条件恶劣、生活环境差,营养不良和传染病是影响人类健康和寿命的主要问题;进入现代化社会,则与现代生活方式相关的肥胖、2型糖尿病(T2DM)、心血管病、脑血管病等成为流行病和威胁人类健康的重大问题。人们开始意识到体力活动在生命中的重要性。Katzmarzyk的文章概述了半个世纪以来,有关体力活动量、耗热量与健康和寿命关系的研究,科学地量化研究了坐式行为对人类健康和寿命的影响。研究表明现代社会除日常生活活动即非计划锻炼的体力活动外,还强调计划锻炼活动即运动的必要性。从上世纪70年代以来,随着胰岛素抵抗在T2DM发病中作用的认识,人们对加强计划锻炼活动、改变生活方式,在改善胰岛素抵抗和预防与治疗T2DM中重要性的认识也日益加深。ACSM和ADA的联合声明,对既往研究进行了文献复习和循证总结,指出了运动对人体即刻和长远的代谢作用的影响,特别是对T2DM患者的预防和治疗的有益作用,从而提出了对T2DM患者预防和治疗中实施科学量化的运动的指导建议。因此这两篇文献的转载,不仅将有利于临床医生和糖尿病教育者,对糖尿病患者进行运动治疗实施具体的指导,也为临床开展运动防治T2DM研究提供了参考。迄今国内缺少这方面大样本、长时间、科学量化的临床研究,因此也希望通过这两篇文章引起临床医生特别是社区医生的重视,在进行糖尿病社区防治中,重视和开展运动对糖尿病防治的科学研究。
This issue replaces the joint statement by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) on exercise and type 2 diabetes, with a focus on the translation of KatzmarzyK, the Paramount Biomedical Research Center at the University of Louisiana, Commentary on “Physical Activity, Sitting Behavior and Health”. Everyone knows that life lies in the movement. The first physical activity of mankind is mainly the production of labor around the necessities of life. With the development of productive forces, human beings are gradually liberated from the heavy manual labor. Especially from the late 20th century to this century, due to the advancement of science and technology in modern society, from mechanization, electrification and automation to network informationization, not only does some production labor Need to pay for physical activity, and even physical activity in daily life is greatly reduced. This inevitably brings about a change in lifestyles: a high degree of material enjoyment and a decrease in physical activity, thus violating the natural life process of human beings as biological individuals. In the past, due to poor production, poor natural conditions, poor living environment, malnutrition and infectious diseases are the main problems affecting human health and life expectancy; into the modern society, and modern lifestyle-related obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Diseases and cerebrovascular diseases have become epidemic diseases and major threats to human health. People are beginning to realize the importance of physical activity in life. Katzmarzyk’s article outlines for half a century the study of the relationship between physical activity, caloric consumption and health and longevity, scientifically quantifying the effects of sitting behavior on human health and longevity. Studies have shown that in addition to the daily activities of modern society that is not planned physical activities, but also emphasize the planning exercise that is the need for exercise. Since the 1970s, with the understanding of the role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of T2DM, people have become more aware of the importance of planning and exercising activities, changing life style, improving insulin resistance and preventing and treating T2DM. ACSM and ADA, reviewed the literature and evidence-based summary of previous studies, pointed out the impact of exercise on the immediate and long-term metabolic effects of the human body, especially for the prevention and treatment of T2DM patients, thus proposed a Guidance for implementing scientifically quantified exercise in the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Therefore, the reprinting of these two articles will not only benefit clinicians and diabetes educators, but also provide specific guidance for the exercise therapy of diabetic patients and also provide reference for the clinical research on exercise prevention and treatment of T2DM. So far, the lack of large samples in this area, a long time, the scientific quantitative clinical research, and therefore hope that these two articles by the clinicians, especially community doctors attention, in the prevention and treatment of diabetes community, attention and exercise of diabetes prevention and control Scientific research.