溃疡分枝杆菌感染会导致慢性皮肤疾病布鲁里溃疡,引起组织坏死、细胞凋亡和免疫抑制等,感染前期患处会失去痛感从而往往使患者延迟其治疗。聚酮类分子分枝杆菌内酯是其细胞毒性的物质基础,也是分枝杆菌产生的主要毒素,对于免疫细胞和非免疫细胞都具有细胞毒性。本文综述了分枝杆菌内酯的结构、细胞毒性作用和分子靶点等,并提出了有待研究的问题以及研究意义。 Mycobacterium ulcerans infection can lead to the chronic skin disease Buruli ulcer, causing tissue necrosis, apoptosis and immunosuppression, pre-infection affected area will lose the pain and thus often delay the treatment of patients. Polyketides Mycobacterial lactones are the material basis of their cytotoxicity and are also major toxins produced by mycobacteria and are cytotoxic to both immune and non-immune cells. This review summarizes the structure, cytotoxicity and molecular targets of mycobacterial lactones, and puts forward some issues to be studied and the significance of their research.