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目的了解牛奶饮用频率与儿童肥胖及代谢异常的关系,为制定干预措施提供基础数据。方法从哈尔滨、北京、济南、上海、重庆、广州6个大城市随机整群抽取6～13岁小学生7 082名,问卷调查他们的年龄、性别、家庭经济情况及牛奶饮用频率等信息。按照标准程序测量身高、体重、腰围、血压,采集晨起空腹血测定血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和三酰甘油等指标。结果饮用牛奶频率为每周7次以上、7次、1～6次和基本不喝奶的4组儿童中,肥胖率依次为8.6%,10.1%,11.0%和12.1%;腹型肥胖率在4组中依次为12.9%,13.7%,15.7%和15.6%;高三酰甘油血症率在各组中依次为2.6%,4.0%,4.2%和4.6%。调整混杂因素后,各组间肥胖、腹型肥胖、高三酰甘油血症检出率差异有统计学意义,其他肥胖相关代谢异常检出率差异无统计学意义。结论饮用牛奶频率与儿童肥胖及代谢异常有关,应大力提倡儿童饮用牛奶以利于他们的健康成长。
Objective To understand the relationship between milk drinking frequency and childhood obesity and metabolic abnormalities and provide the basic data for the development of interventions. Methods A total of 7 082 primary school students from 6 to 13 years old were collected from 6 large cities in Harbin, Beijing, Jinan, Shanghai, Chongqing and Guangzhou randomly to investigate their age, gender, family economic status and frequency of drinking milk. Height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured according to standard procedures. Fasting blood samples were collected for blood glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride. Results The prevalence of obesity was 8.6%, 10.1%, 11.0% and 12.1% in 4 groups of children whose drinking frequency was more than 7 times per week, 7 times, 1 ~ 6 times, and no milk. The rates of hypertriglyceridemia were respectively 12.9%, 13.7%, 15.7% and 15.6% in the 4 groups, followed by 2.6%, 4.0%, 4.2% and 4.6%, respectively. After adjusting the confounding factors, the detection rates of obesity, abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia among the groups were statistically significant, and the differences of other obesity-related metabolic abnormalities were not statistically significant. Conclusion The frequency of drinking milk is related to obesity and metabolic disorders in children. Children should be strongly encouraged to drink milk to facilitate their healthy growth.