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目的了解山西省大学生的膳食质量状况,为改善人群营养提供科学依据。方法采用24 h膳食回顾法,对分层抽样和单纯随机抽样方法选取的山西省4所大学261名大学生进行3 d膳食调查,运用膳食平衡指数(DBI-07)法评价学生营养状况。结果大学生平均膳食质量处于中度失衡状态,54.8%的学生存在中高度摄入不足;80.0%存在低度摄入过量。DBI分值在性别、不同每月消费水平间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),女生膳食质量优于男生;每月消费水平越低越易出现摄入不足,每月消费水平越高越容易出现摄入过量。蔬菜、水果、奶类、豆类、水产类摄入严重不足,谷类和畜禽肉类摄入不足和过量并存。52.5%的学生基本能做到食物多样化。结论山西省大学生主要膳食问题为营养素摄入不足。应对大学生进行营养知识宣传,培养健康的饮食行为,增加蔬菜、水果、奶类、豆类、水产类摄入。
Objective To understand the quality of college students’ diet in Shanxi Province and provide a scientific basis for improving population nutrition. Methods A total of 261 college students from 4 universities in Shanxi Province, stratified sampling and simple random sampling method, were enrolled in the 3-day dietary survey. The nutritional status of the students was evaluated using the Dietary Balance Index (DBI-07) method. Results The average dietary quality of undergraduates was in a state of moderate imbalance, 54.8% of students had moderate to moderate ingestion, and 80.0% of them had overdosage. DBI scores in the gender, different monthly consumption levels were statistically significant differences (P <0.05), girls meal quality better than boys; the monthly consumption level is lower the more prone to under-intake, the monthly consumption level The higher the more prone to over-consumption. Serious deficiencies in the intake of vegetables, fruits, milk, beans and aquatic products, inadequate and excessive consumption of cereals, livestock and poultry meat. 52.5% of students can basically achieve food diversification. Conclusions The main dietary problems of undergraduates in Shanxi Province are inadequate intake of nutrients. Nutritional knowledge should be propagandized college students to develop healthy eating behavior, increase vegetables, fruits, milk, beans, aquatic intake.