机体免疫系统对抗原的刺激产生免疫应答,由浆细胞合成,分泌一类与抗原有特异性结合能力的球蛋白,称为抗体。抗体是具有免疫功能的球蛋白,所以称为免疫球蛋白(缩写为Ig)。 Ig主要存在于血液、体液内,也存在于外分泌液中。在对血清蛋白质进行电泳时,则可根据电泳迁移率分为白蛋白与α_1、α_2、β_1、β_2、γ球蛋白。抗体活性集中在γ球蛋白部分,所以,以往亦称抗体为γ球蛋白。事实上,γ球蛋白并非都有抗体活性,γ球蛋白以外的球蛋白亦有抗体活性,因此就将具有抗体活性及化学结构与抗体相似的球蛋白统称为免疫球蛋白。从而可知,抗体均是免疫球蛋白,但并非所有免疫球蛋白皆为抗体。免疫球蛋白的结构 The body’s immune system stimulates the antigen to produce an immune response, which is synthesized by plasma cells and secrete a class of globulin that has the ability to specifically bind to the antigen, called an antibody. Antibodies are immunoglobulins, so called immunoglobulins (abbreviated Ig). Ig mainly exists in the blood, body fluids, but also in exocrine fluid. In the electrophoresis of serum protein, it can be divided into electrophoresis mobility albumin and α_1, α_2, β_1, β_2, γ globulin. Antibody activity is concentrated in the gamma globulin part, so in the past also known as the antibody gamma globulin. In fact, γ-globulin does not have both antibody activity, and globulin other than γ-globulin also has antibody activity. Therefore, globulin with antibody activity and chemical structure similar to that of antibody is generally referred to as immunoglobulin. Thus, the antibodies are immunoglobulins, but not all immunoglobulins are antibodies. Structure of immunoglobulins