Neural degeneration is a very complicated process. In spite of all the advancements in the mo-lecular chemistry, there are many unknown aspects of the phenomena of neurodegeneration which need to be put together. It is a common sequela of the conditions of niacin deifciency. Neural degeneration in Pellagra manifests as chromatolysis mainly in pyramidal followed by other neurons and glial cells. However, there is a gross lack of understanding of biochemi-cal mechanisms of neurodegeneration in niacin deifciency states. Because of the necessity of niacin or its amide derivative NAD in a number of biochemical pathways, it is understandable that several of these pathways may be involved in the common outcome of neural degener-ation. Here, we highlight ifve pathways that could be involved in the neuraldegeneration for which evidence has accumulated through several studies. These pathways are:1) the trypto-phan-kyneurenic acid pathway, 2) the mitochondrial ATP generation related pathways, 3) the poly (ADP-ibose) polymerase (PARP) pathway, 4) the BDNF-TRKB Axis abnormalities, 5) the genetic inlfuences of niacin deifciency.