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采用空间代时间的方法,对不同种植年限苹果园土壤质量演变进行了研究。结果表明,随着种植年限增加,果园土壤pH值有降低趋势;土壤有机碳含量呈缓慢降低趋势。土壤氮磷含量富集;真菌和放线菌数量都表现为先增大后减少的变化规律;但细菌占微生物总量比例呈下降趋势,真菌、放线菌所占比例呈增加的趋势。据主成分分析的结果将不同年限果园土壤质量综合分为:质量最好(9龄果园),良好(5龄和14龄),较差(17和23龄)和差(1龄)共4个等级。农田改建果园后,5a左右进入盛果期,土壤质量状况良好;到第9a时,土壤质量状况最好,土壤养分和酶活性最高;14a左右进入衰退期;至17～23a时土壤质量下降明显,果树退化严重。
Spatial-temporal methods were used to study the evolution of soil quality in apple orchard under different planting years. The results showed that with the increase of planting years, the pH value of orchard soil decreased and the content of soil organic carbon decreased slowly. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil were enriched, while the numbers of fungi and actinomycetes increased firstly and then decreased. However, the proportion of bacteria to the total amount of microorganisms showed a decreasing trend while the proportion of fungi and actinomycetes showed an increasing trend. According to the result of principal component analysis, the quality of orchard soil with different years can be divided into the best quality (9th orchard), good (5th and 14th), poor (17th and 23th) and poor A grade. When the farmland was rebuilt orchard, the soil quality was good after about 5 years. At the 9th, the soil quality was the best, the soil nutrient and enzyme activity were the highest, the decay period was around 14a, and the soil quality decreased obviously from 17 to 23 years , Serious deterioration of fruit trees.