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本文是美国电力研究所(EPRI)的912号专题报告的第一部分。该报告主要讨论了汽轮机低压叶片材料在运行环境中的腐蚀疲劳问题。本课题是由西屋电气公司所属的波茨堡实验室和费城的汽轮机制造部承担的,1977年5月着手工作,1981年8月完成。本报告的第一章从强度设计的角度讨论了汽轮机叶片设计的热力学原理和叶片材料的选择标准。其中以激振的振源、叶片与激振力的共振,共振引起的应力,以及在设计汽轮机低压叶片时为减少或抵消这些应力而采取的各种设计措施等为讨论的主题;第二章主要讨论了汽轮机低压叶片用的各种合金材料的抗腐蚀性能、抗拉强度,疲劳强度和减振性能等,并将各种材料的性能加以比较;第三章介绍了汽轮机低压叶片的事故情况,汽轮机低压叶片事故是造成机组强迫停机的主要原因,因此,本文对与叶片事故有关的问题,如产生事故的部位,叶片用合金材料、沉积物化学、蒸汽质量、给水处理、冷却水质量,以及运行环境等进行了详细地讨论。本文对从事汽轮机低压设计和叶片材料试验研究工作的工程技术人员有一定的参考价值。众所周知,在我国电厂运行中,叶片事故也占很大比例,据不完全统计,1970-1980年间,全国至少发生1061起叶片事故,近三年来,每年大约有100台机组发生叶片事故。可见叶片事故是汽轮机安全可靠运行的最大障碍之一,必须认真对付,也是我们出版本文的目的所在。另外需要提及的是:本文是通过非正式渠道得到的,望读者能注意防止外传。
This article is the first in a series of special reports by EPRI 912. This report mainly discusses the corrosion fatigue problem of steam turbine LP blade materials in the operating environment. This topic is borne by Westinghouse Pottsburg Laboratory and the Philadelphia Steam Turbine Manufacturing Department. It started work in May 1977 and was completed in August 1981. The first chapter of this report discusses the thermodynamic principles of turbine blade design and the selection criteria of blade materials from the perspective of strength design. Among them, the vibration source, the resonance of blade and excitation force, the stress caused by resonance, and various design measures for reducing or offsetting these stresses in the design of steam turbine blades are the topics for discussion; Chapter Two This paper mainly discusses the corrosion resistance, tensile strength, fatigue strength and damping performance of various alloy materials used in low-pressure steam turbine blades and compares the performance of various materials. The third chapter introduces the accident situation of low-pressure steam turbine blades Therefore, the problems related to blade accidents such as the location of accident, the alloy material for blades, the chemistry of sediment, the quality of steam, the treatment of water supply, the quality of cooling water, As well as the operating environment, etc. are discussed in detail. This article is of certain reference value for engineers and technicians engaged in the research on the low-pressure design of steam turbines and the experimental research of blade materials. As we all know, in the operation of power plants in our country, leaf accidents account for a large proportion. According to incomplete statistics, there were at least 1061 leaf accidents in China during 1970-1980. In the recent three years, about 100 wind turbine accidents occurred each year. Visible blade accident is one of the biggest obstacles to the safe and reliable operation of the steam turbine. It must be dealt with conscientiously and it is also the purpose for which we publish this paper. Also need to mention is: This article is obtained through informal channels, readers hope to prevent outrage.