G·卢卡奇是20世纪最权威的和最具有独创性的马克思主义思想家之一。说他是一个真正意义上权威的马克思主义者是因为,他的理论是以实践为导向或面向实践的,而且致力于改变世界。当然,这一理论包含着一个内容丰富的理论中介系统——从确立最抽象的方法论和人类学的基础到勾画彻底重建个体社会和共同体的具体方案。但是,对一种理论来说,以实践为导向,首先意味着它必须是批判性的。社会结构、政治制度、社会行为方式、文化领域,都不应被视为可孤立地思考、公正地描述、不考虑价值判断的分析和解释,或可作纯粹理解的既定对象。整个社会领域,包括已经被改造成为我们最接近的环境的那部分自然界,都必须看作是一种人的产品。因此,作为历史的一个阶段,它是满足且也破坏人类渴望的一项未完成的工作。对于任何有意义的人类未来来说,这些生活方式都是不可缺少的。与此同时,它们也有着显著的局限性,即削弱人类所付出的巨大努力,给人类带来连续不断的痛苦和苦难,因此是有待克服的。在辩证的扬弃,(Aufhebung)的这个意义上说,卢卡奇是一位第一流的批判思想家。 G. Lukacs was one of the most authoritative and original Marxist thinkers in the 20th century. To say that he is a truly authoritative Marxist is because his theory is practice-oriented or practice-oriented, and he is committed to changing the world. This theory, of course, contains an extensive theoretical intermediary system - from the establishment of the most abstract methodological and anthropological foundations to the delineation of concrete plans for the total reconstruction of individual societies and communities. However, to a theory, practice-oriented means, first of all, that it must be critical. Social structures, political systems, modes of social behavior, and cultural fields should not be seen as isolated objects that can be thoughtfully or fairly described without considering the analysis and interpretation of value judgments or as purely understood objects. The entire field of society, including the part of nature that has been transformed into our closest environment, must all be seen as a human product. Therefore, as a stage of history, it is an unfinished business that satisfies and destroys the longings of humankind. These lifestyles are indispensable to any meaningful future for mankind. At the same time, they also have the obvious limitations of overcoming the tremendous efforts put on humankind to bring untold suffering and suffering to mankind. In the sense of dialectical sublation (Aufhebung), Lukacs is a first-rate critical thinker.