All theoires and rules for translation from Chinese into foreign languages or from foreign languages into Chinese are closely related to compartive linguistics.But,the relationship of the two can not be generalized in the simple relation of theory and practice,for both of them there are theoretical and practical contents,the development of themselves plays a positive promoting role on the development of each other.Contrastive linguistics also exerting various influences on practice of translation.Contrastive linguistics and translation have a very close relationship,to apply the theory of comparative linguistics to translation studies will undoubtedly have to play a guiding role in the practice of translation,translation involves at least two languages,so it inevitably involve communication and transformation of two different cultures.This paper discusses the relationship between them from the perspective of vocabulary,grammar and discourse pragmatics to better direct the translation. All theoires and rules for translation from Chinese to foreign languages ​​or from foreign languages ​​into Chinese are closely related to compartive linguistics.But, the relationship of the two can not be generalized in the simple relation of theory and practice, for both of them there are theoretical and practical contents, the development of acts a positive promoting role on the development of each other.Contrastive linguistics also exerting various influences on practice of translation.Contrastive linguistics and translation have a very close relationship, to apply the theory of comparative linguistics to translation studies will undoubtedly have to play a guiding role in the practice of translation, translation involves at least two languages, so it inevitably involve communication and transformation of two different cultures.This paper discusses the relationship between them from the perspective of vocabulary, grammar and discourse pragmatics to better direct the translation.