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目的探讨日常生活方式对湘西州土家族、苗族中学生营养状况的影响,为少数民族学生营养状况的改善提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取土家族、苗族中学生共1 131名进行体格测试和问卷调查,采用χ2检验进行分析。结果喜欢或积极参加学校课外体育活动的学生营养状况优于不喜欢或不积极的学生;从不或很少食用早餐、每天吃零食、每天睡前加餐的学生拥有较高的肥胖率,分别为12.12%,9.22%,11.52%;每天睡眠时间少于6 h的学生超重率最高,睡眠时间多于9 h的学生营养不良率最高(9.76%);每天没有余暇时间锻炼的学生低体重率和超重率最高,肥胖率也偏高。结论湘西州土家族、苗族中学生的营养状况与日常生活方式多数呈显著相关,提倡中学生应将健康生活方式和科学体育锻炼相结合,促进中学生健康成长。
Objective To explore the influence of daily life on the nutritional status of Tujia and Miao middle school students in Xiangxi and to provide reference for the improvement of the nutritional status of ethnic minority students. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 1 131 middle school students from Tujia and Miao nationality for physical examination and questionnaire survey. The chi square test was used to analyze the results. RESULTS: Students who liked or actively participated in extracurricular physical activities in school had better nutritional status than those who did not like or did not actively; never or rarely consumed breakfast, snacks every day, and students who dined before going to bed each day had higher rates of obesity, (12.12%, 9.22%, 11.52%). The highest rate of overweight was in students who slept for less than 6 hours per day, and the rate of malnutrition was highest in students who slept for more than 9 hours (9.76%). The students who had no spare time exercised each day had low rate of weight And the highest rate of overweight, obesity rate is also high. Conclusion The nutritional status of Tujia and Miao middle school students in Xiangxi is significantly related to daily life style. It is suggested that middle school students should combine healthy life style and scientific physical training to promote the healthy growth of middle school students.