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21世纪是海洋的世纪,随着世界各主要国家在海洋上的争夺越来越激烈,海上执法力量在保卫国家安全和维护国家海洋权益方面也发挥着越来越大的作用。作为一个国家海上执法的主要力量,其主要的任务是打击各类海上犯罪并维护渔业秩序,如走私、偷渡、海盗、抢劫、非法捕鱼、制止纠纷、维护海上治安,查处各种案件,处理海事纠纷,逐步过渡到协助海军保卫国家安全、维护国家海洋权益以及保护国家海洋资源和环境等。特别是近年来日益增多的国家之间的岛礁争端和海洋权益纠纷,都需要以国家警备力量这种非军事的手段来参与、处理和维护。因此,经济发达国家都把海上巡逻船队的建设列为重要的发展项目,而且其重视程度愈来愈高,使用海上巡逻船只保卫本国的海洋利益,已经成为各国的共识。作为中国海上执法力量的代表,中国海上巡逻船队建设还处在起步阶段,而且还分散在多个部门。总体来说,中国的海上执法力量尚处于初级阶段,远远不能满足管理“海洋国土”的需求,不能从容应对大面积海域维权执法的复杂情况,也不具备迅速处理海上大规模突发事件的应急能力,协助海军保卫国家安全的能力也有差距。
As the 21st century is the century of the oceans, maritime law enforcement forces play an increasingly important role in safeguarding national security and safeguarding national maritime rights and interests as the world’s major nations compete more and more on the oceans. As the main force of a country’s maritime law enforcement, its main task is to crack down on various kinds of maritime crimes and to maintain the order of fisheries such as smuggling, smuggling, piracy, robbery, illegal fishing, ending disputes, safeguarding maritime law and order, handling various cases and handling Maritime disputes, the gradual transition to assist the Navy in safeguarding national security, safeguarding national maritime rights and interests and the protection of national marine resources and the environment. In particular, the disputes over the islands and reefs between different countries in recent years and disputes over maritime rights and interests need to be participated, dealt with and maintained by such non-military means as national guard strength. Therefore, economically developed countries have all regarded the construction of a maritime patrol fleet as an important development project, and their emphasis is getting higher and higher. The use of maritime patrol vessels to defend their own marine interests has become the consensus of all countries. As a representative of China’s maritime law enforcement forces, the construction of China’s maritime patrol fleet is still in its infancy, but also dispersed in many departments. In general, China’s maritime law enforcement forces are still at an early stage and are far from meeting the needs of managing “marine land”. They can not cope with the complicated situation of law enforcement on a large area of sea areas, There is also a gap between the emergency capabilities of the incident and the navies’ ability to defend their national security.