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新课标《考试大纲》要求了解常见非金属元素(如H、C、N、O、Si、S、Cl等)单质及其重要化合物的主要性质、应用以及对环境的影响。非金属元素的原子最外层电子数较多(H除外),在化学反应中易获得电子,其单质常表现出氧化性;非金属元素在化合物中除了呈现负价外,往往还呈现正价(F、O除外),因此也表现出还原性(如H2、C、S等)。另外非金属元素存在多种多样的同素异形现象(如碳元素有金刚石、石墨、C60、石墨烯等,氧元素有O2、O3等),其最高价氧化物的对应水化物一般显酸性。在复习该部分内容时,我们可以按照物质分类的思想,把非金属元素及其化合物分成单质、
The new curriculum “syllabus” requires understanding of the main properties of non-metallic elements (such as H, C, N, O, Si, S, Cl, etc.) and its important compounds, applications and the impact on the environment. Non-metallic elements of the outermost atoms of the electron number is more (except H), in the chemical reaction easy to obtain electrons, the simple substance often shows oxidation; nonmetallic compounds in addition to exhibiting a negative price, often also shows the price (Except F, O) and therefore also show reducibility (eg H2, C, S, etc.). In addition there are a variety of non-metallic elements allotropes (such as diamond carbon, graphite, C60, graphene, etc., Oxygen elements such as O2, O3, etc.), the highest oxide corresponding hydrate generally acidic. When reviewing this part, we can classify non-metallic elements and their compounds into simple elements according to the idea of material classification,