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MITEs(Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Elements),是最近发现的几乎在所有生物基因组中广泛分布的一类非自主型DNA转座元件,对基因组的结构和基因表达都有重要的影响。研究发现MTIEs的插入影响了许多重要农艺性状,在作物遗传研究中的应用价值也逐渐显现。为了更好地将这一转座元件利用于作物遗传研究和改良过程,文章概述了MITEs的发现及结构特点,对根据其特点进行预测的分析软件和数据库进行了总结;对MITEs在基因组中的分布特点进行了归纳,发现其在基因组中拷贝数众多,并多在近基因区分布;总结了MITEs同其来源的自主型转座子间的对应关系及转座活性的激活和在基因组中的扩增模式;MITEs对基因表达调控主要通过两种途径:即通过插入改变基因的结构从而影响基因表达和表观遗传水平的调控途径。同时对目前已有的MITEs在作物遗传分析,如开发分子标记,改良性状,构建突变体库等方面进行了总结归纳。
MITEs (Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Elements), a recently discovered family of involuntary DNA transposable elements widely distributed in all living organisms, have important implications for the structure and gene expression of the genome. The study found that the insertion of MTIEs affected many important agronomic traits, the value of crop genetic research has gradually emerged. In order to make better use of this transposable element in crop genetic research and improvement process, the article summarizes the discovery and structural features of MITEs, summarizes the analysis software and databases that make predictions based on their characteristics, The distribution of MITEs and their distribution were summarized. It was found that there were many copies in the genome and were mostly distributed in the near-gene region. The correspondence between MITEs and their autonomously transposable transposons and the activation of transposable activity were summarized Amplification mode; MITEs regulate gene expression mainly through two ways: through the change of gene structure through the insertion and thus affect the gene expression and epigenetic regulation of the pathway. At the same time, the existing MITEs are summarized in crop genetic analysis, such as developing molecular markers, improving traits, constructing mutant libraries and so on.