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目前,有关风险预防原则的国际法律地位问题,国际社会尚未达成共识,分歧主要集中在风险预防原则是否已形成为一项习惯国际法规则。从风险预防原则在国际环境条约中的不同表现形态来看,现阶段关于风险预防原则在国际法上的地位,我们所能得出的结论是:它已获得软法的地位,但尚未成为习惯国际法。尽管如此,风险预防原则已经发展成为世界各国对欠缺科学确定性的环境风险进行决策时所依据的一项标准。风险预防原则不仅具有国际标准的内涵,更具备一项标准应当具备的构成要素,即风险评估、成本效益分析以及科学研究的继续和制度的适时调整。
At present, the issue of the international legal status of the principle of risk prevention has not reached a consensus in the international community. The main focus of the dispute is whether the principle of risk prevention has become a rule of customary international law. From the different manifestations of the precautionary principle in international environmental treaties, what we can conclude at this stage about the status of the precautionary principle in international law is that it has acquired the status of soft law but has not yet become customary international law . Nonetheless, the precautionary principle has evolved into a standard upon which countries in the world make their decisions about environmental risks that lack scientific certainty. The principle of risk prevention not only has the connotation of international standards, but also possesses the elements that a standard should possess, namely, risk assessment, cost-benefit analysis, the continuation of scientific research and the timely adjustment of the system.