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国家通过“向农民赋权”建构起一套农村地权制度,这种“赋权”将农村视为地权制度缺失的地方,将农民置于无权的地位。但是,农村有以土地的村社共有、平均分配为特征的传统地权习惯,农民凭村庄成员资格获得的地权是一种人格化的地权。地权因其人格化而具有不可交易性,限制土地交易与市场化配置,阻碍国家实现市场化改革目标。国家通过一系列政策强制固化农民与土地之间的占有支配关系,在农村建构起物权化的地权制度,为推动土地交易与商品化创造条件。这种无视传统地权的强行建构在农村造成各种紧张,农民通过对各种制度、逻辑的选择性运用来消解这些紧张,抗拒国家力量的深入并维护乡村共同体的相对独立性,使国家地权制度的实际执行发生各种偏离。
The state constructs a system of rural land titles through “empowering peasants.” This “empowerment” treats the countryside as a place where the land rights system is missing and puts the peasants in a position of no power. However, in rural areas, there is a traditional land ownership habit that is characterized by the common ownership of land and the average distribution of land. Rural land ownership acquired by the membership of the village is a kind of personalized land ownership. Land ownership is not tradable because of its personalization, restricting land transactions and market allocation, and hindering the realization of the market-oriented reform by the state. Through a series of policies, the state has forced the solidification of the ownership relationship between peasants and land, and the establishment of a property rights system in rural areas to create conditions for promoting land transactions and commercialization. This disregard of traditional land tenure forced all kinds of tensions in rural areas. Through the selective application of various systems and logics, peasants resolved these tensions, resisted the deepening of state power and maintained the relative independence of rural communities, There are various deviations in the actual implementation of the right system.