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光电耦合器是由发光二极管和光敏三极管组合而成的具有光电耦合、电流增益和电流传输特性的元器件。其中发光二极管是起着把输入电流变换成光信号的作用;而光敏三极管则起着把光信号变换成电(流)信号的作用。由于发光二极管与光敏三极管之间不是电与电的直接耦合,而是光与电的间接耦合。因此,它又是具有隔离特性的耦合器件,其输入与输出电路之间耐压可达到数千伏。
Optocoupler is a combination of light-emitting diodes and phototransistors with optical coupling, current gain and current transmission components. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) play the role of converting the input current into optical signals. The phototransistor plays the role of converting optical signals into electric (current) signals. As the light-emitting diode and the phototransistor is not the direct coupling of electricity and electricity, but the indirect coupling of light and electricity. Therefore, it is a coupling device with isolation characteristics, the input and output circuit between the pressure can reach thousands of volts.