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目的探索婴幼儿昼夜节律的建立对其认知发育的影响。方法于2012年11月至2013年3月在湖南省浏阳市选择城乡各一个点作为项目点开展调查工作,共抽取2~30个月的婴幼儿156人。采用国际通用的简易婴儿睡眠问卷(BISQ)评估婴幼儿睡眠状况;同时采用Bayley婴幼儿发育量表对婴幼儿认知发育进行评估。结果调查对象平均年龄11.69±7.81个月(2~30个月)。男童占55.8%,智力发育指数(MDI)为88.83±11.98,运动发育指数(PDI)为90.64±13.51。女童MDI为90.84±11.93,PDI为92.56±12.82。随着儿童月龄的增加,儿童夜间睡眠占每天总睡眠时间的比例显著增加(r=0.47,P=0.000)。进一步采用多元线性回归分析发现,在控制了各种影响婴幼儿认知发育的影响因素后,夜间睡眠比例仍然对婴幼儿的智力发育指数和运动发育指数有独立的影响,即夜间睡眠占全天睡眠比例越高,婴幼儿智力发育以及运动发育水平越好(MDI:r=0.29,P=0.000;PDI:r=0.29,P=0.000)。此外,父亲的受教育程度与婴幼儿的发育也呈显著相关性,父亲的受教育程度越高,儿童的MDI(F=3.61,P=0.03)和PDI(F=3.29,P=0.04)都明显越高。结论婴幼儿睡眠昼夜节律,尤其是夜间睡眠占总睡眠时间的比率对婴幼儿认知发育有显著的影响,因此需要更多关注早期培养婴幼儿形成成熟的昼夜节律,逐步提高夜间睡眠的占比。
Objective To explore the impact of infant circadian rhythm on the cognitive development. Methods From November 2012 to March 2013, one point in each of urban and rural areas was selected as the project site in Liuyang City, Hunan Province for investigation. A total of 156 infants and young children aged 2 to 30 months were collected. The sleep status of infants and young children was assessed by the International Simple Baby Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ), and the cognitive development of infants and young children was evaluated by Bayley Infant Development Scale. Results The average age of the respondents was 11.69 ± 7.81 months (2 ~ 30 months). Boys accounted for 55.8%, mental development index (MDI) was 88.83 ± 11.98, and motor development index (PDI) was 90.64 ± 13.51. Female MDI was 90.84 ± 11.93, PDI was 92.56 ± 12.82. As the age of children increases, the proportion of children’s nighttime sleep to the total daily sleep time increases significantly (r = 0.47, P = 0.000). Further using multiple linear regression analysis found that after controlling various influencing factors of cognitive development in infants and young children, the proportion of nighttime sleep still has an independent influence on infant intellectual development index and motor development index, that is, nighttime sleep accounts for all-day The higher the proportion of sleep, the better mental development in infants and young children and exercise development (MDI: r = 0.29, P = 0.000; PDI: r = 0.29, P = 0.000). In addition, there was a significant correlation between father’s education and infant’s development. The higher the education level of father, the children’s MDI (F = 3.61, P = 0.03) and PDI (F = 3.29, P = 0.04) Obviously higher. Conclusion Infants’ circadian rhythm of sleep, especially the ratio of nocturnal sleep to total nocturnal infants, has a significant impact on the cognitive development of infants and young children. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the formation of circadian rhythms in infants and young infants to gradually increase the proportion of nocturnal sleep .