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本研究比较了蜂毒肽对4种不同病原菌生长的影响及其抑杀菌作用的差异,并利用电子显微镜观察了蜂毒肽抑杀菌过程中超微结构的变化.结果表明,蜂毒肽对白菜软腐病菌的杀菌作用最强,而且速效;对酵母菌和番茄叶霉病菌孢子同样具有很强的杀灭作用,但作用时间延长;对金黄葡萄球菌为低浓度抑菌,高浓度杀菌作用.实验中观察到,蜂毒肽在抑杀菌过程中超微结构的变化有3种方式致死细胞:一是膜孔洞式,即蜂毒肽作用后在细胞膜区形成小空泡,随之由内向外扩展穿透细胞壁形成孔洞,引起菌体内容物泄漏死亡,显示了膜孔洞的形成过程;二是质壁分离式,小空泡以横向扩展使细胞产生类似质壁分离样空腔,最后细胞裂解死亡;三是细胞质空腔式,蜂毒肽进入细胞后与细胞质中的类膜系统的膜结合引起解体,细胞质固缩,出现空腔,细胞死亡.值得注意的是蜂毒肽抑杀菌作用的强弱及速效性与其不同杀菌方式相关.综上结果,蜂毒肽各种抑杀菌方式的共同点是蜂毒肽与膜磷脂分子结合相互作用所致.
This study compared the effects of melittin on the growth of four different pathogenic bacteria and their bacteriostasis, and observed the ultrastructural changes of melittin during bactericidal and bacteriostasis by electron microscopy.The results showed that the effect of melittin on cabbage The bactericidal effect of soft rot bacteria strongest, and quick; on the yeasts and tomato leaf mold spores also have a strong killing effect, but the role of time; Staphylococcus aureus for the low concentration of antibacterial, high concentration of bactericidal effect. In the experiment, it was observed that the changes of ultrastructure of melittin during the course of bactericidal and bacteriostasis have three kinds of lethal cells: one is membrane pore, that is, the small vacuole is formed in the cell membrane area after the action of melittin, Expanding through the cell wall to form a hole, causing leakage of cell contents, resulting in the formation of membrane pores; second is the separation of plasmids, with small lateral expansion of small vacuoles to produce cells similar to plasmolysis, and finally cell lysis Death; Third, the cytoplasmic cavity type, after the melittin into the cell and the cytoplasm of the membrane-like system of membrane binding caused by disintegration, cytoplasm shrinkage, there cavity, cell death is worth noting that melittin inhibition of bacteria Strength and fast-acting therewith associated different sterilization methods. In summary result, melittin sterilizing various common mode suppression is melittin molecule binding interactions with membrane phospholipids caused.