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以穷人为目标的医疗援助制度是美国医疗保障体系的重要组成部分。它的产生,是美国卫生保健制度渐进式改革的结果和见证。虽然它与老年医疗照顾制度同时产生,并列为美国仅有的两个公共医疗保险计划,但两者有本质的不同,表现出不同的特点。费用问题是医疗援助制度的核心问题,政府的政策(包括福利政策和医疗政策)和援助对象的构成是影响医疗援助费用两个最重要的因素。美国医疗援助制度的经验和教训值得我国研究和借鉴。
The medical aid system targeting the poor is an important part of the U.S. health care system. Its emergence is the result and testimony of the gradual reform of the health care system in the United States. Although it is produced at the same time as the old-age care system, it is listed as the only two public medical insurance schemes in the United States. However, the two are different in nature and show different characteristics. The issue of cost is at the core of the medical aid system. The two most important factors affecting the cost of medical assistance are government policies (including welfare and medical policies) and the composition of those who are aided. The experience and lessons of the U.S. medical aid system deserve our country’s research and reference.