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我国青藏高原东缘的横断山区是世界上水稻种植高度最高的地区,种植的极限高度在这里的宁蒗县永宁乡上瓦都村海拔2710m处。这一地区的绝大多数水稻品种为黑谷。抽穗开花期在8月中、下旬,多年旬平均气温分别为17.1、17.0℃最热月(7月)的平均气温只有18℃,全年无日平均气温稳定在20℃以上的时间,稳定通过15℃的结束日期,80％保证率多年平均为8月24日。高原水稻何以能在这样低的温度下开花结实?这是农业和农业气象工作者非常关心的问题,弄清高原水稻开花结实的气象指标,研究这类水稻的生态适应性,对引种、育种及农业气候分析利用都是很有益处的。 一、观测地点及方法 观察地点选在海拔2400m的滇西北丽江坝太和村。此处历年水稻产量不稳定,大田平均亩产200斤左右,暖年200—300斤,冷年百斤上下,已属水稻分布的温度下限地区,水稻开花时期易遇到不利气象条件。 观察品种为黑选5号,采用编号挂牌定穗观察,每10穗1组,从8月29日至9月7日,每日定10穗,
The Hengduan Mountains, on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is the highest rice-growing area in the world. The maximum altitude for planting is 2710m above sea level in the village of Wadu, Yongning, Ninglang County. The vast majority of rice varieties in this area are Black Valley. The average temperature in mid-August and mid-August was 17.1 at 17.0 and the hottest month in July at 7.0 ℃. The average temperature in July was 18 ℃. The annual mean daily temperature did not rise above 20 ℃ and steadily passed 15 ℃ of the end date, 80% guarantee rate for many years average of August 24. How can plateau rice flowering and fruiting at such low temperature? This is a problem that is of great concern to both agricultural and agricultural meteorologists. Understanding the meteorological indicators of plateau rice blooming and its ecological adaptability, Agricultural climate analysis and utilization are very beneficial. First, the observation sites and methods Observation sites selected at an altitude of 2400m Lijiang dam Taihe village in western Yunnan. Rice production here over the calendar year instability, the average yield of about 200 pounds per mu field, warm 200-300 pounds, up and down in the cold year, has been the temperature distribution of rice paddy areas, rice flowering stage vulnerable to adverse weather conditions. Observed varieties black election No. 5, the use of fixed number of listing listed panicle observation, 10 per panicle 1 group, from August 29 to September 7, 10 spike daily,