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目的:把握关键环节节奏特征,为运动实践提供全程速度节奏诊断优化的理论依据。方法:以国内外优秀运动员比赛数据为基础,运用文献资料法、比赛测试法和数理统计法对速度滑冰女子500 m重点环节节奏特征及全程速度节奏的理论设计进行研究。结果:1)优秀运动员具有突出的前100 m能力,前100 m滑进10.4 s是获取优异运动成绩的基础;但100 m百分成绩与总成绩呈高度负相关,应合理控制该分段的百分成绩在27.8%左右;2)进一弯内道和二弯内道速度超过最大速度的91%和97%时将被迫降速;3)出二弯外道即刻加速将导致大幅降速,优秀运动员在出二弯内道时的总体规律是先利用惯性加速然后再缓冲;3)全程速度节奏理论模型能够实现对运动员的诊断与优化。结论:1)突出的前100 m能力是获取优异运动成绩的基础,但运动员应合理控制该分段的加速节奏;2)高度重视进内弯道时的个体最大可控速度,避免出现被逼降速及摔到失误;3)出二弯外道时应即刻缓冲,而出二弯内道时应充分利用惯性加速再缓冲。
OBJECTIVE: To grasp the rhythm characteristics of the key links and provide the theoretical basis for the optimization of the rhythm diagnosis of speed rhythm in sports practice. Methods: Based on the data of domestic and international elite athletes, the paper studied the rhythm characteristics of the 500 m key links and the theoretical design of the full speed rhythm of the ice skating women using literature review, competition test and mathematical statistics. Results: 1) The elite athletes have the outstanding first 100 m ability, and the first 100 m slides into 10.4 s is the basis for obtaining excellent athletic performance; however, the 100-m percentile score is highly negatively correlated with the total score, and should be controlled rationally 2) The inner bends and the second bends will be forced to decelerate if they exceed 91% and 97% of the maximum speed; 3) The immediate acceleration of the outer two bends will result in a substantial deceleration, The general rule of elite athletes when they bend inside the two bends is to accelerate and then buffer with inertia. Third, the theoretical model of full-speed tempo can diagnose and optimize the athletes. Conclusions: 1) The outstanding ability of the first 100 m is the basis for obtaining excellent athletic performance, but the athlete should control the acceleration rhythm of this subsection rationally. 2) Attach great importance to the maximum controllable speed of the individual when entering the curve and avoid being forced Slow down and fall to the wrong; 3) out of the second bend when the outer buffer should be immediately, and when the second bend inside the road should make full use of inertial acceleration and then buffered.