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德国经济学家恩格尔提出以家庭用于食品支出占收入的比例(即“恩格尔系数”)作为衡量一个社会或国家富裕程度的标准 ,高于59%为贫困型 ,50 %～59 %为温饱型 ,40%～49 %为小康型 ,低于40 %为发达国家(富裕型) ,低于20 %为最发达国家(最富裕型)。我国城市和沿海地区从进入“小康区”到超越“小康区” ,慢则几十年 ,快则十几年。改革开放20多年来 ,我国经济持续高速度发展 ,到2000年底全国人均国民生产总值已接近850美元 ,达到进入小康阶段的预期目标。沿海地区、珠江三角洲和长江三角洲的经济发展水平 ,要比全国的平均水平高出许多 ,从进入“小康区”到超越“小康区”经历的时间较短。2000年 ,广州、上海、深圳等地的人均国内生产总值已达到或超过4000美元 ,珠江三角洲地区已达3000多美元 ,经济水平处于小康之后的新阶段。最近 ,珠江三角洲已定出2010年基本实现现代化的目标 ,人均GDP达6000美元。珠江三角洲各城市的恩格尔系数在10年内将陆续超越“小康区” ,其他沿海和内地发展快的一些城市也会超越小康。预计在21世纪的头20年内 ,我国会有总人口近1亿的城市和地区的恩格尔系数超过“小康区”。在这样一个发展前景下 ,这些城市和地区的住宅设计和居住区规划需要有新的思路和起点。8月初由中国建筑学会、?
Engel, a German economist, proposed that the proportion of household expenditure on food (ie, “Engel’s coefficient”) should be used as a criterion for measuring the social or national wealth of more than 59% of the poor and 50% to 59% of the subsistence , 40% ~ 49% for the well-off type, less than 40% for the developed countries (rich), less than 20% for the most developed countries (the richest). From entering the “well-off areas” to beyond the “well-being areas”, our cities and coastal areas have been slow for decades and up to ten years. Since the reform and opening up for more than 20 years, our economy has enjoyed sustained and rapid economic development. By the end of 2000, the per capita GNP of the country had risen to nearly 850 U.S. dollars, reaching the expected goal of entering a well-off stage. The level of economic development in the coastal areas, the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta is much higher than the national average, with a relatively short period of time going from entering the “well-being area” to going beyond the “well-being area”. In 2000, the per capita GDP of Guangzhou, Shanghai and Shenzhen reached or exceeded 4,000 U.S. dollars. The Pearl River Delta region has reached more than 3,000 U.S. dollars and the economic level is at a new stage after the well-off society. Recently, the Pearl River Delta has set the goal of basically realizing modernization in 2010, with per capita GDP reaching 6,000 U.S. dollars. The Engel’s coefficient in each city of the Pearl River Delta will gradually surpass the “well-being district” within 10 years and other cities along the coast and in the rapidly developing mainland will surpass well-off. It is estimated that in the first two decades of the 21st century, there will be more Engel’s coefficients in our country than in the “well-to-do areas” for nearly 100 million cities and regions. Under such a development prospect, residential design and residential planning in these cities and districts need new ideas and starting points. Early August by the China Architecture Institute,?