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“(在)X下/之下”包括六种具体格式,这六种格式各具不同的功能,不同功能之间的演化链条如下:方位>比较;方位>非空间背景;方位>情状;方位>受控>原因。考察发现,具体格式的功能与格式中的X或X的中心语成分(名词、动词、形容词等)的语义紧密相关。其中“在N的V下/之下”格式的空间义动词晚于其他动词出现,这似与语法化的单向性原则相违背;但从“在X下”整个方所结构的发展来看,格式的方位义早已出现,因此演化链条无需修改,仍符合语法化的单向性原则。
“(Under) X / under ” includes six specific formats, each of these six formats have different functions, the evolution of the chain between different functions are as follows: orientation> comparison; orientation> non-space background; orientation> situation ; Orientation> controlled> cause. The study found that the function of a specific format is closely related to the semantics of the central language components (nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.) of X or X in the format. Among them, the spatial meaning verbs “in the form of N under / below” appear later than other verbs, which seems to be contrary to the one-way principle of grammaticalization; however, from “under X” the whole structure As for the development of the format, the orientation of the format has already appeared, so the evolutionary chain need not be modified and still meets the one-way principle of grammaticalization.