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抗病育种希望选育的品种的抗性能持久。1963年Vanderplank提出水平抗性的概念后,有些植病和育种工作者感兴趣,因为如果一个品种对病菌的所有生理小种都能抵抗,它的抗性将是长命的。也有不少人对水平抗性表示怀疑或反对。国际间的争论,至今仍未完全平息。 我组近来进行了一些小麦叶锈病试验,涉及抗性变异问题,现在就水平抗性问题提些看法。 Browder于1985年来保定讲生物间遗传学时提了水平抗性问题。他列举了Parlevliet,Heyne Royer、Tomerlin等的研究结果,指出了构成水平抗性组分的潜伏期,侵染率,产孢量和产孢期等性状都是小种专化的,因此无法证明水平抗性是非小种专化的。 我组近年来进行了3项试验,通过不同小麦品种与不同的叶锈菌小种的相互作用,研究锈菌寄生适合度和品种抗性组分的变异性、专化性,都证明潜伏期,侵染率和产孢量的变异都可因品种与小种组合不同而表现出极显著的差异。这与上述Browder等以及与Clifford和Clothier,Brennan,以及Milus和Line等对慢锈品种的研究结果是一致的。
Disease resistance Breeding hope varieties breeding durable. After the concept of horizontal resistance was proposed by Vanderplank in 1963, some plant and breeding workers are interested because if a variety is resistant to all physiological races of the germ, its resistance will be long-lived. Many people also have doubts or objections to horizontal resistance. International controversy has not yet completely subsided. Recently, some wheat leaf rust tests have been conducted in our group, involving the problem of resistance variation. Now I will make some comments on the problem of horizontal resistance. Browder raised the issue of horizontal resistance when it came to biology in Baoding in 1985. He cited the findings of Parlevliet, Heyne Royer, Tomerlin et al., Pointing out that the latency, infectivity, sporulation and sporulation and other traits that constitute the horizontal resistance component are racialized and therefore can not be demonstrated Resistance is non-racialized. In our group, three experiments were conducted in recent years. Through the interaction between different wheat cultivars and different leaf rust races, the parasitism suitability and variability and specialization of the components of the rust resistance were studied to prove the latent period, The variation of infection rate and sporulation amount all showed significant differences due to the different combinations of races and races. This is in agreement with the findings of Browder et al. And with the slow-rust varieties discussed by Clifford and Clothier, Brennan, and Milus and Line.