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目的:了解青海省5岁儿童乳牙患龋状况及掌握其龋病发病的基线资料,为儿童口腔卫生保健工作提供科学依据。方法:参考《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》的标准,采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,首次对全省5岁儿童的乳牙患龋状况进行流行病学抽样调查。结果:青海省5岁儿童乳牙患龋率为71.63%、龋均为3.30%,均低于1995年全国平均水平,其中农村患龋率高于城市(P<0.05),男性患龋率高于女性(P<0.05);龋齿充填率为2.48%,其中城市充填率远高于农村(P<0.001),女性充填率高于与男性(P<0.05)。上颌乳中切牙和下颌乳磨牙的患龋率最高,下颌乳中切牙和乳侧切牙的患龋率最低。结论:因此必须合理利用有限的口腔卫生资源,加强口腔健康教育,采取切实有效的措施,才能降低儿童的龋患率,提高龋齿的充填率。
Objective: To understand the dental caries status of 5-year-old children in Qinghai Province and to master the baseline data on the incidence of dental caries in order to provide a scientific basis for oral health care in children. Methods: According to the criteria of the “Third National Oral Health Epidemiology Survey Scheme”, a multistage stratified and equal-capacity random sampling method was used to conduct an epidemiological sampling survey on caries of deciduous teeth of 5-year-old children in the province for the first time. Results: The caries prevalence of primary deciduous teeth of 5-year-old children in Qinghai Province was 71.63% and the caries was 3.30%, all lower than the national average in 1995. The caries prevalence rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas (P <0.05) Female (P <0.05). The filling rate of dental caries was 2.48%, in which the urban filling rate was much higher than that in rural areas (P <0.001). The female filling rate was higher than that in men (P <0.05). The maximal caries prevalence of maxillary central incisor and mandibular molar was the lowest, while that of mandibular central incisor and lateral incisor was the lowest. Conclusion: Therefore, we must make reasonable use of limited oral health resources, strengthen oral health education and take practical and effective measures to reduce the rate of caries in children and increase the filling rate of dental caries.