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铅球作为一项古老的运动项目,历史悠久,在经历了几百年的发展后已经达到了相当高的水平。从铅球运动的发展历史来看,每次铅球技术的变革,都带来成绩的大幅度飞跃。从1953年背向滑步技术诞生以来,铅球世界纪录不断攀升,已达到23.06米的高峰 (以男子铅球为例,下同)。旋转式技术首创于20世纪60年代,经过几年的发展便突破性地创造了23.12米的世界纪录。近年来, 在世界田径赛场上运用旋转式推铅球技术的运动员(特别是男子)人数不断增多,并屡创佳绩。国外科学家根据当代优秀运动员的形态和身体素质指标,预测采用旋转式技术可将铅球推到26米以上,这说明旋转式技术有巨大的潜力。反观我国,在铅球比赛中却是背向滑步技术一枝独秀,很少见到使用旋转式推铅球技术的运动员。本文通过对旋转式推铅球技术和理论的研究探讨, 为运动员应用此技术提高运动成绩提供参考。
As an ancient sport, shot put has a long history and has reached a fairly high level after several hundred years of development. From the history of the development of shot put movement, each shot change technology, have brought a significant leap in performance. Since the birth of the back-stepping technology in 1953, the shot-put world record has been on the rise and has reached a peak of 23.06 meters (the same is true for the men’s shot put). Rotary technology pioneered in the 1960s, after several years of development has created a groundbreaking 23.12 meters of the world record. In recent years, the number of athletes (especially men) who use the rotary shot put technique in track and field in the world has been continuously increasing and has achieved many successes. According to the morphology and physical fitness of contemporary elite athletes, foreign scientists predict that the use of rotating technology can push shot put to more than 26 meters, which shows that rotary technology has great potential. In contrast, in our country, in the shot put competition, it is the only one that shows itself in the backward sliding technology and seldom sees the athlete who uses the rotary shot put technique. In this paper, through the research on the theory and technology of rotary shot put, this paper provides a reference for athletes to apply this technique to improve their performance.