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本文从存在主义的角度切入,深入解读了南非作家库切的小说《耻》。认为自由不是绝对的,自由受着自身处境包括社会环境、他人及历史的限制,超出限制的过度自由便会产生篡越行为,而人必须为此付出代价。因此,把握自由的尺度尤为重要,通过对作品及其人物的分析,得出结论:自由的尺度是必须以尊重为前提,与“他者”的平等共存。不仅个人,人类任何群体的自由选择也都必须在这个尺度内,否则人类自己将为过度的自由付出历史的代价。
This article from the existential point of view, in-depth interpretation of the South African writer Coetzee’s novel “shame.” To think that freedom is not absolute, freedom is subject to its own circumstances including the social environment, others and historical restrictions, excessive freedom beyond the limit will lead to falsification, and people must pay the price. Therefore, to grasp the scale of freedom is particularly important. Through the analysis of the works and their characters, we come to the conclusion that the criterion of freedom is that we must respect equality as the precondition and equality with the “other”. Not only individuals, but also the freedom of choice of any group of human beings must be on this scale, otherwise human beings themselves will pay the price of history for excessive freedom.