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塔河油田海西早期形成了复杂的碳酸盐岩岩溶缝洞系统,其发育规模在东部地区和西部地区表现出显著的差异性。岩溶水作为岩溶发育的关键因素,在不同地质背景下表现出的水文学特征及水动力作用与岩溶缝洞系统的发育密切相关。为了深入认识和阐述岩溶储层发育机制,基于三维地震资料,通过地震属性技术结合现代岩溶理论成果恢复了塔河油田埋深5 000m以下的古水文网络,精细描述了水系发育特征。研究结果表明:东部地区地表水系统具有较大汇水量,水系以强烈的垂向侵蚀作用为主,发育了完整的地表-地下双重水系型水文网络系统;西部地区地表水以水平溶蚀作用为主,地貌较为平缓,尚未产生大型地下水系网络系统,属于地表水系型水文网络系统。东、西部地区地表、地下水文系统动力学机制的不同,为这2个地区岩溶储层发育的差异性提供了合理解释。
In the early stage of Hercynian in Tahe Oilfield, complex carbonate rock karst cave system was formed, and the scale of its development showed significant difference in the eastern and western regions. As the key factor of karst development, karst water is closely related to the hydrological characteristics and hydrodynamic functions under different geological backgrounds and the development of karst cave system. In order to deeply understand and explain the development mechanism of karst reservoirs, based on the 3D seismic data, the paleo-hydrological network below 5 000 m buried in Tahe Oilfield was restored by the seismic attribute technology combined with the achievements of modern karst theory, and the characteristics of water system development were elaborated. The results show that the surface water system in East China has a large amount of catchment, and the water system is dominated by strong vertical erosion. A complete surface-subsurface hydrological network system is developed. The surface water in western China is dominated by horizontal erosion , Geomorphology is relatively smooth, has not yet produced large-scale groundwater network system, belonging to surface water system hydrological network system. The differences of surface and subsurface hydrological system dynamics in the eastern and western regions provide a reasonable explanation for the differences in the development of karst reservoirs in these two areas.