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两个不同遗传类型的动植物的种或品种进行杂交所获得的第一代(F_1)叫杂交种。杂种往往表现出比双亲具有较强的生长势、适应性、抗逆性、抗病性,从而导致增产。人们把杂种第一代这种超亲现象称为杂种优势。杂种优势的现象,在动物界、植物界都普遍存在。劳动人民在生产实践中很早就注意到杂种优势的利用。现在已有二十多种蔬菜实现了杂种优势的利用,玉米、高粱、烟草、亚麻、大麦、棉花等大田作物的杂种优势利用也获得成功,增产幅度从百分之二十至一倍以上。
The first generation (F1) hybrids were obtained by crossing two species or varieties of plants and animals of different genetic types. Hybrids often show stronger growth potential, adaptability, resistance, disease resistance than their parents, resulting in increased yield. The first generation of this super-pro-hybrid phenomenon is referred to as heterosis. Heterosis phenomenon, in animal, plant kingdom are ubiquitous. Working people have long been aware of the utilization of heterosis in their production practices. More than 20 kinds of vegetables have now been used for heterosis. The utilization of heterosis in field crops such as corn, sorghum, tobacco, flax, barley and cotton has also been succeeded, with a yield increase of more than 20% to more than double.