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马克思、恩格斯的民族论述精辟且自成体系,他们对民族属性深刻辩证的理解,应成为中国当代文学批评标举的立场基点。马克思、恩格斯拒绝民族虚无主义和价值相对主义,摒弃民族沙文主义与抱残守缺心态,鼓励民族间的交流与合作,警惕价值立场暧昧的普遍主义,其开放性的民族主义品格是理解与反思中国当代文学批评自身境遇,澄清中国当前少数民族文学批评某些论争的重要思想理论资源。马克思对民族与人类解放关系的科学揭示,对于洞彻后殖民批评的悖论与危险,透视西方马克思主义批评对第三世界文学暗含着的黑格尔主—奴关系的隐喻结构,具有重要学理价值。不管是后殖民批评,还是对第三世界怀有善意的西方马克思主义批评,都不可能代替第三世界的民族完成自身的文艺批评理论建构。
Marx’s and Engels’s national narratives are incisive and self-contained, and their profound and dialectical understanding of ethnic attributes should be the starting point for the position of contemporary Chinese literary criticism. Marx and Engels rejected the national nihilism and the relativism of value, abandoned ethnic chauvinism and the attitude of keeping crippled and disabled, encouraged exchanges and cooperation among the ethnic groups, and wary of ambiguous universal values. Its open nationalistic character is to understand and reflect on contemporary Chinese literature Criticize one’s own situation, and clarify some important ideological and theoretical resources of some controversies in current literary criticism of ethnic minorities in China. Marx’s Scientific Revelation on the Relationship between the National and the Liberation of Mankind is of great theoretical value for the paradox and dangers of the post-colonialist criticism and the metaphorical structure of the Hegelian Lord-Slave relations implicit in Western Marxist criticism of the third world literature . Whether it is post-colonial criticism or western Marxist criticism with goodwill toward the third world, it is impossible to replace the third-world nation to complete its theoretical construction of literary criticism.