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文化,有广义和狭义之分。而狭义的文化则专指精神财富的总和。本文立足于狭义的文化,浅析中外文化不同的影响因素。政治、经济、文化是人类社会构成的三大要素,其中文化又属于精神层面,即意识形态层面,对人类的一切行动具有指导作用。社会是以经济为基础,政治为中介,文化为导向的有机体。实际上,文化是相对于经济、政治而言的。经济是政治和文化的基础,而文化则是政治和经济的反映,同时也影响着政治和经济的发展。由于政治、经济的不同,文化就会产生差异性,语言作为文化的组成部分,自然也会不同。因此,对于译者而言,了解中外文化的差异性也变得十分重要。只有了解了中外语言为什么不同,了解了背景知识,才能更好的进行翻译工作,这属于译前准备工作。
Culture has a broad sense and a narrow sense. The narrow culture refers specifically to the sum of spiritual wealth. Based on the narrow culture, this article analyzes the different influencing factors of Chinese and foreign cultures. Politics, economy and culture constitute the three major elements of human society. Culture, on the other hand, belongs to the spiritual level, that is, to the ideological level, and plays a guiding role in all human actions. Society is an economy based, political intermediary, culture-oriented organism. In fact, culture is relative to economics and politics. Economy is the basis of politics and culture, while culture is a reflection of politics and economy, but it also affects the political and economic development. Due to the difference of politics and economy, culture will be different. As a part of culture, language will naturally be different. Therefore, it is also very important for the translator to understand the differences between Chinese and foreign cultures. Only understand the Chinese and foreign languages why different, understand the background knowledge in order to better carry out the translation work, which belongs to the preparatory work before the translation.