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一、引言 我国西部经济发展长期落后于东部沿海地区。有关中国各地区家庭人均收入相对水平的统计显示,1995年与1985年相比,东部省份除辽宁外,收入相对水平均有大幅度提高,其中,上海上升了77.9％,北京上升了48.9％,广东上升了42.1％;西部省份则相对下降,西部个别省份最大降幅达到23.1％(魏后凯等,1997)。 东西部差距形成了典型的刘易斯二元经济结构,大大影响了中国经济可持续增长,而且随着东西部收入差距拉大,会对中国社会稳定构成严重威胁。随着我国对外开方程度加深,国内地区之间经济不发展平衡也会削弱我国对外整体竞争实力。为此,国家提出了开发大西部战略,吹响了向西部进军号角。 如何开发西部呢?有些学者(比如华民,2000)认为,根据要素禀赋和专业分工理论,考虑到我国劳动力等生产要素流动受到一定程度的限制,因此,东部应重点发展资本密集型产业,西部地区发展资源密集型产业或者劳动密集型产业,然后东西部开展贸易。根据李嘉图等古曲经济学家的自由贸易理论,东西部都
I. Introduction The economic development in western China has lagged behind the eastern coastal areas for a long time. Statistics on the relative per capita income of families in various regions of China show that in 1995 compared with 1985, the eastern provinces had a substantial increase in the relative level of income except for Liaoning, with 77.9% in Shanghai and 48.9% in Beijing. Guangdong rose 42.1%; the western provinces relative decline, the largest decline in individual provinces in western China reached 23.1% (Wei Houkai et al., 1997). The gap between the east and the west has formed a typical Lewis dual economic structure, which has greatly affected the sustainable growth of China’s economy. As the income gap between the eastern and western regions widens, it poses a serious threat to China’s social stability. As China deepens the degree of opening-up to the outside world, the unbalanced economic development among the domestic regions will also weaken the overall competitiveness of our country. To this end, the state has proposed to develop the strategy of the great west and sounded the march to the west. How to develop the west? Some scholars (eg, Huamin, 2000) think that according to the factor endowments and professional division of labor theory, taking into account that the flow of factors of production such as labor force in our country is restricted to some extent, the capital-intensive industries in the east should be developed emphatically. Regional development of resource-intensive industries or labor-intensive industries, and then the eastern part of the trade. According to Ricardo and other ancient song economists free trade theory, both east and west