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以日本山地源头森林小流域为研究对象,利用泥沙自动取样器和自计水位计,研究了悬移质泥沙的输出过程及其与洪水过程间的关系.研究结果表明,该森林流域的泥沙来源主要是林道、沟道、沟道两边裸露地;河川径流中悬移质泥沙浓度与总泥沙浓度间有很好的相关性;降雨时悬移质泥沙浓度随流量过程的变化呈现出顺时针变化的套索;悬移质泥沙的输出过程属于波浪式变化;悬移质泥沙浓度最大值与洪峰流量几乎同时出现,属同步型;悬移质输沙量主要取决于10 min最大雨量;场降雨量对悬移质输沙量的贡献较大;单场大暴雨造成的悬移质输沙量占全年输沙量的5%左右;悬移质年输沙量的30%是由为数不多的几场降雨造成的.
Taking the small mountainous watershed in mountainous area of Japan as the research object, this paper studied the output process of suspended sediment and its relationship with flood process by using sediment sampler and self-designed water level gauge.The results show that Sediment source is mainly forest road, channel, trench on both sides of exposed; river runoff suspended sediment concentration and total sediment concentration has a good correlation; rainfall suspended sediment concentration with the flow process The change of sediment showed clockwise lasso. The output of suspended sediment was wave-like. The maximum of suspended sediment concentration and peak flow occurred almost at the same time, which belonged to synchronous type. The maximum rainfall in 10 min; the contribution of field rainfall to the suspended sediment load was larger; the suspended sediment transport caused by single heavy rainfall accounted for about 5% of the annual sediment discharge; 30% is caused by a few rains.