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我国华南地区土壤为红壤,呈酸性,磷素缺乏和铝毒胁迫共存,是影响该地区水稻产量的重要限制因素。以华南地区主栽水稻品种粤香占及耐铝对照品种日本晴为材料,采用简单钙溶液培养方法,研究了供试材料种子发芽期及幼苗期对酸性条件和铝胁迫的反应,旨在探明粤香占的耐铝性特点。结果表明,在种子萌发过程中,Al显著抑制种子根的形成和生长(F=123.84,P<0.000 1),但粤香占与日本晴种子根形成初期对铝溶液的敏感性差异不显著。培养液梯度pH(pH 3.5,4.5,5.5,6.5,7.5)的实验表明,初生根长0.5 cm的幼苗在0.5 mmol/L CaCl2的不同pH溶液培养24 h后,幼苗根长的生长量随着溶液pH的降低而显著变短(F=70.01,P<0.000 1)。两个品种的耐铝性对不同Al浓度表现出显著差异(F=25.71,P<0.000 2),日本晴的耐铝性明显优于粤香占。在简单钙溶液培养条件下,50μmol/L Al浓度可作为不同品种耐铝性的鉴定浓度。在不同Al处理时间的实验中,无Al的对照溶液中的幼苗根伸长量(CRE)和Al处理溶液中的根伸长量(SRE)都随着培养时间的延长而增长,但是日本晴的相对根伸长量(RRE)显著大于粤香占;且随着培养时间延长,RRE愈小。对根尖铝含量测定结果表明,利用苏木精染色法的定性测定与用原子吸收光谱法的定量测定结果一致,即随着处理溶液中铝浓度的增加,幼苗根尖铝含量随之增多;与日本晴比较而言,粤香占根尖铝积累量更大。上述结果表明粤香占为铝敏感品种。
Soil in southern China is red soil, acidic, lack of phosphorus and aluminum toxicity coexist, is an important limiting factor in the region of rice yield. Taking the cultivars of Yuexiangzhan and Al-tolerant varieties of Nipponbare as materials in southern China, simple calcium solution culture method was used to study the response to acid conditions and aluminum stress at seed germination and seedling stages of the tested materials, Guangdong Xiang accounted for the characteristics of aluminum. The results showed that Al significantly inhibited the formation and growth of seed roots (F = 123.84, P <0.000 1) during seed germination, but there was no significant difference in the sensitivity of Alkali solution between Yuganxiang and Nipponbare seed seedlings. The experiments of gradient pH (pH 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5) showed that the growth of seedling root length after 0.5 cm of primary root length 0.5 cm cultured in 0.5 mmol / L CaCl2 solution for 24 h The solution pH was significantly shorter (F = 70.01, P <0.000 1). Aluminum tolerance of the two cultivars showed significant differences (P = 0.0002) for different concentrations of Al, and the Ni-resistance of Nipponbare was significantly better than that of Yuexiangzhan. Under the condition of simple calcium solution culture, the concentration of 50μmol / L Al could be used as the certified concentration of different varieties of aluminum tolerance. In different Al treatment time experiments, the root elongation (CRE) in Al-free control solution and the root elongation (SRE) in Al-treated solution both increased with the incubation time, but Nipponbare Relative root elongation (RRE) was significantly greater than that of Yuexiang; and as the culture time prolonged, the smaller the RRE. The results of determination of apical aluminum content show that the qualitative determination by hematoxylin staining is consistent with the quantitative determination by atomic absorption spectrometry, that is, with the increase of aluminum concentration in treatment solution, the content of aluminum in root tips of seedlings increases. In comparison with Nipponbare, Yue Xiang accounts for more accumulation of root apex. The above results show that Guangdong Xiang accounted for aluminum-sensitive varieties.