一、当前国有企业出现的突出困难和问题。是我国产业结构升级换代过程中的必然现象只有正确判断当前国有企业面临的形势,正确分析这种形势的成因,才能提出科学的对策。近几年来,我国国有企业开工严重不足。据有关方面最近在全国11个省市的近千家国有大中型企业调查,处于停产半停产状态即开工不足70%的企业占52%,产 I. The current state-owned enterprises’ outstanding difficulties and problems. It is an inevitable phenomenon in the upgrading of China’s industrial structure. Only by correctly judging the current situation faced by state-owned enterprises, and correctly analyzing the causes of this situation, can we propose scientific countermeasures. In recent years, there has been a serious shortage of state-owned enterprises in China. According to recent investigations by nearly a thousand state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises in 11 provinces and cities across the country, 52% of the enterprises are under production cuts and semi-discontinued production, which starts at less than 70%.