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中国对外贸易的迅猛发展同贸易自由化改革密不可分,而贸易自由化改革特别是关税削减对出口贸易的影响是通过微观出口企业来实现的。文章在异质性企业贸易理论模型基础上,运用2001~2007年制造业企业微观数据,对中国进口关税削减带来的出口促进效应进行了实证检验。研究结果表明,中国的进口关税削减确实影响了异质性企业的出口参与决策,关税削减对企业出口进入和出口密度决策均表现出显著的正向影响,对劳动密集型企业的影响高于资本密集型企业,对一般贸易企业的影响高于加工贸易企业。这些结论为中国加入WTO以来出口贸易增长特别是集约边际的演化提供了微观解释。
The rapid development of China’s foreign trade is inextricably linked with the reform of trade liberalization. The effects of trade liberalization reforms, especially the reduction of tariffs on export trade, are achieved through micro-export enterprises. On the basis of heterogeneous business theory model, this paper uses the micro-data of manufacturing enterprises from 2001 to 2007 to test the export promotion effect caused by China’s import tariff reduction. The results show that the reduction of import tariffs in China has indeed affected the export participation decision-making of heterogeneous enterprises. Tariff reduction shows a significant positive impact on the export-import and export-density decision-making of enterprises. The impact on labor-intensive enterprises is higher than that of capital Intensive enterprises, the general trade enterprises than the processing trade enterprises. These conclusions provide a micro explanation for the growth of export trade, especially the intensive marginalization since China joined the WTO.